History of the Kingdom of Gowa

According to mythology, before the arrival Tomanurung in a place that later became part of the kingdom of Gowa, was formed nine autonomous government called Bate Selapang or Kasuwiyang Salapang (combined / federations). Nine autonomous government is Tombolo, Lakiung, Parang-Parang, Data, Agang Jekne, Bissei, Kalling and Serro. At first, the ninth of this autonomous government coexist peacefully, but, over time, disputes arise because of arrogance to demonstrate the might and spirit of expansion. To resolve this dispute, the ninth of this autonomous government then agreed to choose a leader among those given the title Paccallaya. It turned out that the rivalry does not end with this agreement, because each region Bate Selapang ambition is to become chairman. In addition, Paccallaya was also not able to resolve the problems occurred. Until one day, news came that in a place called Taka Bassia in Bukit Tamalate, attend a daughter that emit light and wearing a beautiful pendant.

Heard there was a princess in Taka Basia, Paccallaya and Bate Salapang went there, sat tafakkur around the light. Over time, the light is transformed into a beautiful woman, an unknown name and origin. Therefore, they call it Tomanurung. Then, along Paccallaya Kasuwiyang Tomanurung Salapang told that, "we all came here to raise you to be our king, may you stay in our country and sombaoku who rule us". After their petition was granted, Paccallaya rose and exclaimed, "Nu Karaeng Sombai To Gowa (worship your King, O people of Gowa).

Not long after, there came two young men named Karaeng Bayo and Lakipadada, each carrying a saber. Kasuwiyang Paccallaya and then express their intent, so Karaeng Bayo and Tomanurung can be married so they could continue their descent Gowa royal government. then all parties there to make a pledge that essentially regulate the rights, powers and obligations of those who govern and the governed. The provisions apply equally to Bayo Karaeng Tomanurung and disappeared, when their only child born Tumassalangga Baraya. Single child was then inherit the kingdom of Gowa.

Gowa kingdom reached its golden peak of the XVI century which is more popularly known as twin kingdoms "Gowa-Tallo" or also called zusterstaten (royal brothers). two in one kingdom was formed during the reign of King Gowa IX, Karaeng Tumaparissi Klonna (1510-1545), and this is very difficult to separate because the two kingdoms have declared the pledge together, which is famous in proverb "Na Rua Karaeng Se're Ata" (" Two King tetapai one of the people "). Therefore, a union of two kingdoms called Kingdom of Makassar.

Heyday of Gowa Kingdom is inseparable from the role played by Karaeng Patingalloang, ruling the kingdom Mangkubumi 1639-1654. His full name is I Mangadicinna Daeng Sitaba Sultan Mahmud, son of King Tallo VII, Mallingkaang Daeng Nyonri Karaeng Matowaya. When the King of Tallo I Mappaijo Daeng Manyuru Tallo was appointed king, he was only one year. Karaeng Pattingalloang appointed to run the authority until I Mappoijo old enough. Therefore, in some documented that Karaeng Pattingalloang is the King of Tallo IX.

Karaeng Pattingalloang was appointed as the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo Mengkubumi in 1639-1654, accompanied Malikussaid Sultan, who ruled in 1639-1653. Karaeng Pattingalloang, Tumabbicara Butta inducted into the Kingdom on Saturday, June 18, 1639. Position was acquired after he succeeded his father Karaeng Matowaya. At this time served Mangkubumi, Karajaan Makassar has become a famous royal and invite the attention of many other countries.

Karaeng Pattingalloang Gowa is the son of a genius or his skills exceeded those of Bugis Makassar in general. In the age of 18 he had mastered many languages, including Latin, Greek, Italian, French, Dutch, Arabic, and several other languages. It also deepens cosmography. The Dutch government through their representatives in Batavia in 1652 presented a globe (globe) that are specially made in Holland, which is estimated to cost f 12,000. He died on 17 September 1654 in Kampung Bontobiraeng. Before his death he had prepared 500 ships, each can contains 50 crew to attack Ambon.

Karaeng Pattingolloang is also an international businessman, he along with Sultan Malikussaid teamed up with major employers Pedero La Matta, trade consultant in Bandar Somba Opu Spanish, and Portuguese with an accomplished sailor named Francisco Viera with Figheiro, to trade in the country. Karaeng Pattingalloang succeeded in developing / improving the economy and trade of the kingdom of Gowa. In the town of Kingdom Somba Opu, are traded in silk, Chinese ceramics, Indian cotton fabric, wood Timorese Sandalwood, spices Moluccas, and Borneo Diamonds Diamond.

In the European traders who came into the hands of Makassar usually bring fruit given to princes and nobles in the kingdom of Gowa. The fruit was hand often well adapted to the messages that are deposited when they return to their places of origin. Karaeng Pattingalloang fruit hand when asked what he wanted, the answer is the book. It is therefore not surprising that Karaeng Pattingalloang have a huge collection of books of various languages.

Karaeng Pattingalloang scholars is a figure that is owned by the Kingdom of Makassar as that. Because it cares to science, so the Dutch poet Joost van den Vondel together, highly praised kecendikiawannya and membahasakannya in a verse as follows:

"Wiens aldoor snuffelende brein
Gansche werelt valt een te klein "

Which means as follows:

"The person whose mind is always and continuously look for so that the whole world seemed too narrow for him."

Karaeng Patingalloang appears as a scholar and statesman in the past. Before he died, he never told for generations left behind are as follows:

There are five major causes of the collapse of an empire, namely:

1. Punna taenamo naero nipakainga 'Karaeng Mangguka,
2. Punna taenamo tumanggngaseng thatch Pa'rasangnga ri,
3. Punna taenamo ri gau Lompo Pa'rasanganga thatch,
4. Punna angngallengasemmi soso 'Pabbicaraya, and
5. Punna taenamo nakamaseyangi atanna Mangguka.

Which means as follows:

1. If the king who ruled no longer willing to take advice or commemorated,
2. If there is no longer the clever scholar in the country,
3. If already too many cases in the country,
4. If many judges and royal officials like to take a bribe, and
5. If the king who ruled his people no longer cared.

He died when it joined the ranks of King (Sultan) Hasanuddin against the Dutch. After his death, he then gets the title "ri Tumenanga Bonto Biraeng".

From the standpoint of terminology, there is no chance (consensus) that explains the meaning of Gowa intact origin uptake Gowa said. Meaning there are only assumptions and estimates include: first, Gowa said came from "goari", which means the room or cubicle / perhimpun; second, derived from the word "cave", which means the hole that relates to the first occurrence of Tomanurung ri Gowa ( King of Gowa I) in the cave / hills Taka Bassia, Tamalate (in Makassar means not withered) which then politically Gowa the word is used to integrate the ninth kasuwiang (Bate Salapang) which is a federation under paccallaya, which later became the sole power Tomanurung, so Bate leburlah Salapang into the Kingdom "Gowa" which is estimated to stand at the XIII century (1320).

Until the reign of King of Gowa VIII I Pakere 'Tau ri Tunnijallo Passukki, the royal government was centered in Taka Bassia (Tamalate) as the palace of Gowa King I. Then it moved to the royal palace by King of Gowa Somba Opu IX Daeng Mantare Karaeng Mengunungi who holds Tumpa'risi Kallonna because it is considered more profitable and strategically as a royal progress in economics and politics. During this period the kingdom of Gowa began to expand his power and conquered many surrounding areas including establishing cooperative relationships and agreements with other kingdoms. This lasted until the king of Gowa XII, I Manggorai Daeng Mammeta Karaeng Bonto Langkasa (1565-1590). Ambition is what makes the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo a great empire. Bandar had become the world's commercial airport stopover very advanced because it has a range of facilities as appropriate other major countries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. At that time the government runs an open political system based on the theory Leberum Mare (seas) which gives businesses jamina foreign traders. However, the ambition that is what creates competition that is hidden (latent) when they want to hold hegomoni and zuserenitas in Sulewasi, especially the rivalry with the kingdom of Bone. When the competition was heightened, the Netherlands exploit the situation by launching a political divide et impera (divide and rule) and apply the monopoly system which is contrary to the principle of mare liberum until the outbreak of war Makassar (1666-1669).

On the other hand, Islam is one reason Bone resistance when trying to introduce Islamic religious Gowa. The effort was initiated by the King of Gowa XV I Mangerangi Daeng Manrabbia Karaeng Lakiung title of Sultan Alauddin Tumenanga ri Gaukanna (1593-1639) who became Muslim on 9 Jumada H 1051 or 20 September 1605. He tried to realize the unification of Sulawesi, but not realized until the reign of Sultan Hasanuddin (1653-1669) ended with Bungaya Testament on 18 November 1667 after the Battle of Makassar.